The most recent example is “Baby Bob“, a very short-lived 2002 sitcom starring a talking man-baby character that had starred in a series of ads for FreeInternet.com. Although the high-profile company died after the infamous dotcom crash, the talking baby emerged unscathed with his fill CBS sitcom, “Baby Bob.” When the network cancelled the show after only nine episodes, Bob emerged one more time to star in a series of TV commercials for Quiznos Subs. In 2007, he was even too creepy for Quiznos and his character was pulled from all further ads. But, don’t feel too sorry for Bob. He still has his possess web page on the Quiznos site.

From a critic’s standpoint, “Baby Bob” serves as additional proof that what has worked in the 30-second ad format has been difficult to sustain in a much longer sitcom or motion picture format.

Of course, there are exceptions to every rule.

Jim Varney’s lustrous “Hey Vern!” character, Ernest P. Worrell, not only translated well into a children’s television show, but also became a successful series on the astronomical screen.

In 1980, a Nashville-based advertising agency, Carden & Cherry, cast struggling comic actor Jim Varney as Ernest P. Worrell in a series of Southern regional TV ads for a variety of products. His Ernest character was a talkative nosy neighbor whose catchphrase was “know whut I mean? ” The ads caught on and the Ernest P. Worrell character then began appearing in various commercials across the country. In 1988, CBS brought “Hey, Vern! It’s Ernest!” to their Saturday children’s television line-up. Although the series lasted only a year, the Ernest P. Worrell character next made a successful transition to the big screen, starring in a series of profitable low-budget movie comedies including “Ernest Goes to Camp”, “Ernest Saves Christmas”, and six others.

The California Raisins also transitioned to children’s television, in their case, a cell-animated series. They made their debut as a claymation-animated Motown-style singing group in a 1987 commercial for the California Raisin Advisory Board. Like Ernest, their TV series only lasted a year. However, their ancillary merchandise still continues to sell.

The Max Headroom character took the opposite route from the prior mentioned characters. He began as a cyberpunk protagonist in a 1984 British television movie. In 1987, Max Headroom came to the States as an ABC television series. Despite a strong cult following, it only lasted fourteen episodes. After the show was cancelled, Max appeared in a series of highly successful commercials for Coca-Cola.

SOURCES:

“Gauging viewer tastes”, Stuart Elliot, New York Times, URL: (http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/16/business/media/16adco.html? _r=1&oref=slogin)

“Who Owns Your Big Idea? “, Noreen O’Leary, Adweek, URL: (http://www.adweek.com/aw/national/article_display.jsp? vnu_content_id=1003556825)

“Why advertising’s cavemen are going totally Hollyrock? “, Brooks Barnes and Suzanne Vranica, Wall Street Journal, URL: (http://online.wsj.com/public/article/SB117305670677226518-GDYgRU6JmWO40cfjfFMEDLLE_DM_20070311.html)

“Caveman Chic”, Ramin Setoodeh, Newsweek, URL: (http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17887559/site/newsweek/)

http://adweek.blogs.com/adfreak/2006/06/quiznos_finally.html

“Scrutinize who’s hawking”, Seth Stevenson, Slate, URL: (http://www.slate.com/id/2112786/)

“Advergaming”, David Radd, Business Week, URL: (http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/oct2006/id20061011_567417.htm? chan=innovation_game+room_top+stories)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_P._Worrell

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Raisin

“Max Headroom”, Henry Jenkins, Museum of Broadcasting Communications, URL: (http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/M/htmlM/maxheadroom/maxheadroom.htm)

Most insurers today expend what are called DRP’s, or Yell Repair Providers. These are shops not owned by the insurers, but shops that agreed to provide service to these insurers. What does this mean for the vehicle owner. The insurance provider will say it means faster service and quicker turn-around on their damaged vehicle. In some cases this is fair. In most cases it is not.

Let’s look at the DRP agreement and process. When a shop signs a DRP agreement it basically turns it’s managerial rights over to the insurer. How? These agreements are drawn up by the insurer to protect the insurer from fraud, further litigation and they say, rising cost of body repairs. These agreements direct a shop in how to write estimates, how to report claims, which parts to exercise, how grand to charge, what not to charge for and a host of other do’s and don’ts. Basically the agreement ties the hands of the shop that tries to repair a vehicle owner’s vehicle back to it’s original pre-accident condition.

For instance. To assign money on a claim, the insurer will tell the DRP shop to use A/M, or aftermarket parts. Aftermarket parts are parts made to fit a certain year, make and model of vehicle, but they are not made by the original manufacturer. Most A/M parts come from overseas and have been proven to not be LKQ, Like, Kind and Quality. Residence Farm Insurance lost a major lawsuit in the late 80′s, early 90′s over the usage of A/M parts and following the settlement stopped using A/M parts….then.

A/M parts are not of the same quality of OEM, New Equipment manufacturer. A/M parts do not fit as well as OEM. Some A/M parts carry a certification, CAPA, but CAPA parts have not proven to be the same as OEM parts. What does this mean for the vehicle owner? It means, if A/M parts are used on the repair of your vehicle, they may not fit the same, may not be as agreeable as OEM and certainly are not the same quality as OEM parts.

Some insurers will say anything to derive you into their DRP shop. I say, if you are happy with that shop, then by all means, let that shop repair your vehicle. Don’t go there fair because an insurance company says that’s where you have to go, or that’s where you need to go, or that’s where you must go or we will not guarantee the work.

Most states give the vehicle owner the right to choose the repair facility. By researching local repair shops and getting repair quotes and standing up to the insurance company for your rights, you become an educated consumer. Visit the potential repair shops. make sure they are smart. Get an estimate, make sure the estimator goes over the estimate and explains the repair process to you. make sure you feel comfortable with the shop you choose. Most importantly, YOU choose the repair shop, do not be steered to a shop that does not have your best interest in mind. If they have signed an agreement with an insurer, I guarantee you, they do not work for you, they work for them, the insurer.

Getting quotes for auto insurance is an easy process. With just a few clicks on the computer or toll-free telephone calls, anyone can gather a list that compares auto insurance by services and rates. For senior citizens, who often are on fixed incomes, this can be a very cost-effective exercise, possibly saving them hundreds of dollars during an insured period.

Finding Comparable Rates

Buying auto insurance is like any other important, long-term purchase. The key is to grasp time to research and shop for the best deal with reliable auto insurance companies.

The following is a sample of insurance companies and insurance brokers offering auto insurance quotes on the Internet. Many have specific marketing programs targeting senior citizens.

AARP: www.aarp.thehartford.com.
AARP is an advocacy organization for seniors that promotes the interests of people over 50 years dilapidated. They offer auto insurance to members through The Hartford.

Allstate: www.allstate.com.
Allstate is a well known insurance company. Quotes can be gathered at the above website or local agents can be found in the telephone book and are available to assist in preparing a free quote.

Farmers Insurance Group: http://www.farmersinsurance.com.
Online or in person, a Farmers insurance agent can review auto insurance coverage, help identify potential gaps, and include any qualifying Farmers Auto insurance discounts.

Progressive Insurance: www.progressive.com.
Progressive will provide a quote for their company along with comparables of other auto insurance companies for easy comparisons.

Geico Insurance: www.geico.com.
This company can be accessed online or at one of their many offices. It is easy to get a quote; they offer flexible payment options and competitive rates.

Costco: www.costco.com.
Costco offers membership insurance through Ameriprise Auto & Home Insurance.

Autoinsure: www.autoinsure.org.
Autoinsure has a page with helpful insurance information for senior citizens. They can provide quotes from all the major auto insurance companies.

Esurance: www.esurance.com.
A rising star among insurance companies that take pride in stating: “Esurance doesn’t just offer genuine insurance coverage, we also believe in educating consumers.” Their online quote process is easy to navigate.

US Insurance: www.usinsuranceonline.com
They will provide multiple auto insurance quotes tailored to specific needs within minutes of filling out their simple short form. It’s easy then to compare them side by side to find the best prices and coverage.

Car Insurance Rates: www.carinsurancerates.com
Their network of companies and brokers offer a variety of car insurances: Farmers, Allstate, AIG, Nationwide, AARP, Safeco Insurance, Liberty Mutual, MetLife and Mercury.

Every insurance rate: www.everyinsurancerate.com
EveryInsuranceCompany.com is a handy Internet directory to pick up local insurance companies, insurance quotes and discount insurance rates.

Quote Scout: www.quotescout.com.
This website will provide quotes from a long list of auto insurance companies – literally from “A” to “Z”.

Insurance.com: http://www.insurance.com.
Insurance.com works directly with 15 highly rated car insurance companies in 46 states: 21st Century, Electric Insurance, Esurance Auto Insurance, The Hartford, Infinity, Liberty Mutual, Meritplan Insurance, MetLife Auto Insurance, Newport Insurance, Permanent General Assurance Corporation (The General), Progressive, QBE Insurance, Safeco, Travelers Insurance, and Unitrin Direct.

Keeping Auto Insurance Rates Down

There are ways that senior citizens can occupy responsibility to control their auto insurance rates. Here are a few suggestions.

According to seniorjournal.com, most of the major auto insurance agencies provide a 5% – 10% discount to drivers beginning at the ages of 50 or 55. However, as a group, drivers 75 and older have one of the highest rates of fatal daytime accidents. Because of this, it’s important that senior drivers stay proactive and involved in keeping their driving skills sharp.

Many states offer an auto insurance discount for mature drivers if a person meets a given age criteria and has taken an approved mature driver safety course. Local colleges and senior centers are respectable resources to learn about the classes. AARP has local and on-line access to the course. Costco offers its members an online drivers’ safety training course through FirstNet: www.firstnetlearning.com.

Another way to withhold auto insurance rates down is to drive a low-profile car, one that as part of a group has a lower rate due to minimum repair costs, considered safer and less likely to be stolen. Check the Highway Loss Data Institute, www.iihs.org, for the latest related data.

Question unique auto insurance needs and requirements. Changing to higher deductibles or dropping collision or comprehensive coverage for older cars may make sense.

Always ask about discounts when purchasing or renewing auto insurance.

And finally, the best long-term advice: Always drive defensively, stay alert and follow the driving laws. Maintaining a safe driving record is the best way to keep auto insurance rates down.

1. Buy your home and auto policies from the same insurer. Many companies offer bundled policies that help you attach on the various fees as well as give you lower premiums. You might need to shop around for reputable companies who offer a variety of policies to camouflage the various insurances you wish to take out.

2. Make your home more disaster resistant and burglar proof. The more you can do to make your house safe the less worry you will be for an insurance company and this can bring your premiums down.

3. Seek out other discounts. People who stay at home do not get broken into as much as those who are away during the day. If you work from home or are retired, ask for discounts. Ask if there are any other types of discounts or allowances. Not all reps will tell you them up front. You have to ask. If you do not ask the answer is no.

4. Maintain a good credit record. This is obvious. Consolidate your credit cards, store cards and personal loans if you have to.

5. Quit with the same insurer. Changing companies constantly is not an economical diagram to be. Secure a helpful company to begin with and stick with them to insure you get the maximum discounts for bundled services and no claims bonuses.

6. Review the limits in your policy and the value of your possessions at least once a year. You might be eligible for lower premiums.

As with just about everything in life, there are many things you can do to help yourself. Nothing could be truer when it comes to finding cheap house insurance. You can get adequate coverage and cheaper premiums if you take a bit of time to research, prepare your house and make a good choice from the outset.

I recently interviewed Crystal, and this is her heart-felt story:

April: “What did you do before you had your son? “

Crystal: “I was an elementary school teacher. I taught for five years in the public school system.”

April “Did the doctors ever gawk any abnormalities in your son when he was born or during any of his check-ups done before his vaccinations? “

Crystal: “Hayden had acid reflux for the first several months of life, but it was nothing that the doctor was concerned about. Except for the reflux, he was given a desirable bill of health from birth on. He was healthy and showed no abnormalities anytime before he started regressing. He met all his milestones up until about 18 months. At this point, he did not develop the language that a normal child his age would use.”

April “After your son was vaccinated what changed? What did you contemplate was different about him? “

Crystal : “He was vaccinated several times and we didn’t notice anything other than what a “normal” reaction would be. He often became fussy and ran a fever. As time went on, I noticed more and more things about him that I did not feel were normal, but the doctors assured me there was nothing wrong. When he was a baby, he didn’t sleep well. He was up about four times a night, did not want to sleep laying down, and had to be elevated, rocked, or carried around most of the time.”

April: “At what point did you select him to go get checked out and tested? “

Crystal “When he was about 18 months faded, I called First Steps, the early intervention program in Kentucky. We didn’t contemplate there was anything wrong at that point that he could be labeled as. We just idea he needed help talking. This went on until he was about 20 months old. I took him to his pediatrician and he referred us to a specialist. My complaints were that Hayden was fussy a great deal of the time, didn’t talk or babble like he should, played with his toys repetitively, and didn’t sleep at night.”

April: “What kind of testing did the doctors do to diagnose your son with autism? “

Crystal: “I filled out several questionnaires about Hayden. We also spent the day with a developmental pediatrician who tested him and determined he had autism spectrum disorder.”

April: “What options were you offered in order to help your son? What did you choose to do? “
Crystal: “The developmental pediatrician recommended that we do speech therapy, occupational therapy, and developmental intervention. We were already doing these things, so she also suggested that we do lots of play dates and look into HIPPO therapy. She basically said for us to arrive back next year and measure changes in Hayden.

We took it upon ourselves to research autism and find something that we felt would be an alternative that could not only improve the symptoms of autism, but reverse it by addressing what I believe is the underlying issue: heavy metal toxicity. I discovered that a lot of kids who have autism are also mercury poisoned.

There are many autism specialists, called DAN! (Defeat Autism Now!) doctors, who believe that vaccines are a major cause of the dramatic increase we are seeing in autism. We learned that many vaccines own thimerosal, a preservative that is mercury based. Children are being injected with it at such a young age that their bodies aren’t able to fully detoxify and get rid of the mercury in their systems.

DAN! Doctors treat their patients with a variety of strategies. Their treatments are sometimes called the biomedical reach. A major arsenal in the fight against autism uses chelation, which binds with mercury and other heavy metals in the body. It then pulls them out through urine and stool. Typically, and in my son’s case, once a body has mercury toxicity, it also develops an overabundance of other heavy metals. Mercury acts like a sponge and soaks up any heavy metal, such as lead and arsenic, and stores it in the body.

Heavy metals can cause a leaky gut, which my son also suffers from. Foods pass through the gut and particles make their map into the bloodstream since a leaky gut has “holes” in it. The body thinks these particles are invaders, and the next time you eat that food, your body develops an allergy to it.

Hayden has 43 food allergies. So, not only do a lot of children with autism struggle with heavy metals, they also have leaky guts and food allergies. We were also told that until the mercury could get out of the body, our son would always have yeast/bacterial issues in the gut. We use probiotics and coconut kefir to colonize the good bacteria and supplements such as Nystatin that aids in killing the yeast/bacteria that he has in his gut.

One of the other complications that mercury can bring on is inflammation in the body and brain. Hayden takes spironolactone to decrease this. We are currently undergoing testing to choose how terrible the inflammation is and what route of treatment we should consider from here. Again, until the mercury is out of the body, the inflammation will continue.

In addition, we also employ many supplements that have been show to be effective in treating autism. Hayden takes B12 shots, is on a gluten free/casein free diet, takes a potent multi-vitamin, essential fatty acids such as fish and flaxseed oil, and added calcium, magnesium, vitamin C, and zinc. People often ask why we give him B12 injections and just don’t supplement it with a vitamin. Without going into too much detail that I hardly understand, it is thought that out of all types of B12, only methyl-B12 (shots) can help the body detoxify metals.

Many autistic children also have a defective enzyme which would allow the body to exercise the vitamin B12, so methyl-B12 is needed because it provides everything needed to help detoxify the body. We also use a hyperbaric chamber to treat my son’s autism. This has been proven to help increase oxygen flow to the tissues and cells in the brain and gut and is opinion to be able to heal the damaged cells and inflammation that autism causes.

Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) is another program that we have been doing with Hayden for the past several months. We have seen tremendous improvements in behavior and cognitive gains since beginning this. It has helped him more than speech therapy, developmental intervention, and occupational therapy.”

April: “Is what you are doing working? Do you see any improvement? “

Crystal: “We have seen a great deal of improvement since we started biomedical intervention for my son. He is more verbal, has better eye contact, fewer temper tantrums, and is more aware of his surroundings. Since we have only been doing this for nine months, I anticipate that my son will be able to be cured of autism or at least be helped enough to lead a normal life.”

April: “What sacrifices have you and your husband made in order to properly care for your son? “

Crystal: “Since insurance doesn’t cover many of the supplements, doctor’s visits, therapy, and treatments that we’re giving Hayden, we have had to sacrifice a great deal to be able to afford to treat him. Small things such as going to movies and shopping are long since gone. I quit my job to stay home and work more intensively with Hayden, so this has created a greater financial burden on us. We have dipped into our savings for what we once thought would be used for retirement. It’s not only hard financially. Dealing with autism is draining. The challenges that we face as parents are daunting. Our full attention is given to him alone. I have been unofficially given the job as “head researcher” in our family. I spend a lot of time on the computer looking up treatments and reading about autism. My husband works a lot of overtime to compensate for my previous salary. One of the hardest sacrifices that we have made so far is not having any more children. We had plans to have another child, but with all of the money and time that Hayden requires, we don’t feel that it would be fair for anybody for us to have another child right now. It is my hope that one day down the road Hayden can have a sibling.”

April: “What does the future hold for your family? “

Crystal: “I was once told that treating autism is like taking a slow boat to China. You will get there, it will just bewitch time, forces you to be patient, and teaches you many things along the method. We have a long way to go. In the grand scheme of things, we have just started treating my son. Nine months of biomedical interventions is nothing compared to what most families go through. I figure that we’ll be doing this for many years to come. I hope that my son will be able to go to school like any other kid, participate in everyday activities that many families take for granted, and grow up to lead a normal, productive life.”

April: “What advice would you give to parents with babies soon to be vaccinated? “
Crystal “I understand a parent’s concern for the safety of their child. However, people need to be well educated before they make any decision. I made the mistake of leaving the research up to someone else. I assumed our doctor would never recommend anything that could harm our child. I was wrong. It is a parent’s responsibility to research the safety of vaccines and develop a decision for themselves. I would, of course, recommend to not ever vaccinate a child. Parents often ask me what I conception to do since my child could possibly contract a disease by not being vaccinated. I have found many things that set my mind at ease. First off, if the majority of people are vaccinated against a disease, how can it become an epidemic? Second, if you are determined to provide protection for a disease that isn’t prevalent, I recommend homeopathic treatments, which can provide protection against diseases.

If a parent feels they must vaccinate, I would suggest that they do not give Tylenol to their child beforehand like many physicians recommend. The reason for this is that Tylenol reduces the amount of glutathione in the body, which allows the body to detoxify. If a child has a hindered ability to detoxify, the chemicals and metals in the shots will not be moved out of the body as well as they should. Motrin is an alternative to Tylenol and doesn’t suppress glutathione. Also, it is recommended that vaccines be spaced out and not given all at once. This is easier on the body. The exercise of antibiotics and sickness can also weaken a child’s system. I would recommend not vaccinating for several months after a sickness or antibiotic use.

It is also possible, if a parent still plans on vaccinating, to pick and choose the vaccines that are given to their child. For instance, the Hepatitis B shot is given when a baby is mild in the hospital. Not only is a baby’s body too immature to detoxify properly, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is still originate, and any heavy metals or chemicals that come into the body can go directly to the brain. This barrier does not finish until they are distinguished older. Also, Hepatitis B can only be transmitted though blood or sexual contact. I feel that this is a negligible risk for an infant and should not be vaccinated against.”

April: “What advice would you give to parents with children who have been diagnosed with autism? “ Crystal: “I would recommend that parents find a good biomedical doctor to treat their child’s autism. It is highly likely that their child has developed autism because of vaccines and other environmental triggers. Also, I would suggest that they open ABA as soon as possible. The sooner that a child gets help, the better outcome they will have.”

1. Choosing The Car You Drive

To aid in your cheap auto insurance quote, you must remember insurance prices are heavily dependant on the car you drive. Older models will have lower quotes than a brand fresh cars due to the fact the insurance company will be required to pay out more for a recent model. You must also examine the safety ratings of your car. Each year the government tests vehicles for safety. Those with poor ratings will have higher insurance rates due to the likelihood of injury in a car wreck.

Finally, stolen cars play a key role in your insurance quotes. Certain cars are more likely to be stolen than others. This list is published each year by the government and can be found by a expeditiously search on Google. Avoid cars that rate high in theft rates.

2. Increase Your Insurance Deductible

A quick and simple method for cheap auto insurance is simply raising your deductible. The deductible is the amount you must pay in case of an accident before the insurance company pays out. By raising this amount, the insurance company will lower your rate significantly. This is an option many choose, however, this will also lower the amount of payout you receive in the case of an auto accident. If you’re a ample driver, this is an option worth pursuing.

3. Installing Anti-Theft Systems

Many insurance companies will lower your rate if you settle to install a car alarm system. This system has been proven to lower theft rates and increases the protection against your car. Insurance companies survey upon this action in a favorable manner and will offer you a discount on your rate. Dread systems can be expensive but in the long rush you will do money from lowered insurance payments.

4. Maintain Good Credit

Recently, insurance companies have been basing rates on your credit. If you have good credit, your rates will be significantly lowered. If your credit is less than stellar, you can work on improving your credit score. This will not only lower your insurance rates but also aid in other areas such as interest rates. Some have debated whether or not insurance companies should use credit scores as a basis for rates. Despite these complaints, your credit now plays a huge a role in your quote.

5. Clean Driving Record

Having a clean driving picture is very necessary. Even if you’ve had a wreck in the past, the longer you can go without another will significantly improve your rates. It is also important to avoid tickets. Speeding tickets will increase your rates. Many times you can take classes to remove tickets from your records. If this is an option, be sure to pursue it. As you improve your driving record, the price of your insurance will topple.

Finding cheap auto insurance can be a difficult process. Hopefully, this article has given you five tips you can use to lower your rate. There is no magical secret. It is takes research and work to attain a cheap auto rate.

Thesis
Despite being the largest trade partner to its mega-neighbor to the south, the United States (McLaughlin), Canada has gotten the short kill of many of the larger trade agreements that have emerged in recent years. In contrast, however, the North American Free Trade Agreement, NAFTA, has lived up to its promises to Canada that were made when the agreement was first authored in the 1990s (Howell). In an anguish to gain some rights and benefits in the international trade agreements that have come to fruition over the past several decades, Canada, among other nations, has taken protectionist steps to preserve their own best interests, lest they be pressured by unfair trade reform.

Antithesis
Origins of the Antithesis
For the sake of balanced and honest research, the researcher will also place forth an antithesis and offer relevant documentation to show the indispensable flaws in that antithesis. Simply put, the antithesis that will be represented in this paper is that protectionist trade policy only serves to isolate the nations that enact them, and in the long run, actually wound those countries more than serve them. Briefly stated here, as an entrée to the bulk of the research, suffice it to say that there is an undercurrent in Canada that strictly opposes the protectionist trade policies that have been advocated because they limit the opportunities for many companies to offer their goods and services to a wide range of potential customers (Molot). In a sense, there is a feeling in the business arena of Canada that there is such a thing as too remarkable protection, which ultimately serves to not only protect to a definite level, but also to suppress economic activity to the point where the protection causes more harm than good. As a closing thought to the antithesis, and transitioning into the subsequent portions of this paper, it must be understood that every effort will be made within this research to objectively present the facts of the matters discussed, clearly separate fact from opinion or theory, and of course give proper citation when the works of others are cited within the pages of the paper. By utilizing the information and works of others, an informative blend of quality research will unfold. With these parameters in mind, the research will now continue within the scope of the thesis and antithesis that have been previously identified and presented.

Personal Views: Canadian Trade in Unusual Times
Before any personal views can be integrated into this paper, and before any valid conclusions can be presented, it is necessary to understand the modern history of Canadian trade policy. In the modern era of international trade (previously identified as the period of the 1960′s and forward), Canada has made an effort to become a global force in terms of trade and commerce, engaging in major trade agreements and the like. One of the most significant of these is the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement (CUFTA), signed in 1989 in order to foster an effective and mutually profitable arrangement between these North American neighbors (Martin, et al). Without a doubt, CUFTA has been very successful for Canada, resulting in hundreds of billions of dollars in business for a wide variety of goods and services, the most notable of which is the automotive industry, whereby Canadian components are used in American cars, and vice versa. However, the huge gains of CUFTA have unfortunately made up the bulk of Canada’s trade revenue. In other words, the trade that has been engaged with nations other than the United States has not been exactly fruitful. Entering into trade agreements in fine faith, Canada has not received benefits commensurate with the effort and concessions the nation has effect forward in the pursuit of free and equitable trade.

Canada’s Benefit and Lack Thereof from NAFTA
Another example of Canada’s bad experience with organized, so called “free” trade agreements is the stumbling blocks that Canada hit with the North American Free Trade Agreement, or NAFTA. Originally born in the 1990′s, the agreement was designed to benefit the United States, Canada, and Mexico by facilitating free and frequent trade among these nations without the restrictions of tariffs, border disputes, and protectionist measures (Foreign Policy). This agreement is said to earn 1 billion to 3 billion dollar gains in each country. NAFTA ensures that a obvious amount of goods produced and traded between the three countries has to have a minimum percentage of its parts produced in North America. The Free Trade agreement is between the United States and Canada. The Free trade agreement came into effect in 1989 even though three fourths of trade between Canada and the United States was already free (Mcdougall). This agreement to Canada is huge because it set up a free trade zone between the U.S and Canada, which is the largest free trade zone in the world. The Free Trade agreement is huge to Canada because 20 per cent of Canada’s GDP comes from exports to the United States. This agreement eliminated all trade restrictions such as tariffs, quotas, and non tariff barriers. The Canadian economy gains access to the U.S economy that is ten times its size (Greenberg). Canadian Goals in NAFTA Canada’s goals in the negotiation of NAFTA were very simple. They wanted to improve their access for their goods and services to Mexico and the United States. Canada wanted to guarantee their position as a prime location for investors seeking to serve all of North America. The NAFTA deal has realized these objectives set by Canada and will supply Canada with a new and sharper edge to their international competitiveness. The agreement has set a path for Canada widening their trade horizons, while also giving them a bigger stage on which to demonstrate their economic expertise and leadership. Canadian-Mexican Relieve An advantage for Canada is that the reduction of Mexican barriers will provide new markets and opportunities for Canadian goods and services. Canadian firms will be able to participate in, and expand sales in, sectors that were previously highly restricted, such as autos, financial services, trucking, energy and fisheries. Mexican tariffs and import licensing requirements will be eliminated, some immediately and others over 5 to 10 years, providing barrier free access to 85 million consumers (Storer). The North American Free Trade Agreement covers virtually every field of business in Canada. NAFTA provides many provisions as well as both real and potential advantages to Canadians in all most all places in the work location. Agriculture products play a significant role in Canada’s exports to other countries. Canada’s excellent and fertile farming land has produced many ample results. A very agreeable livestock and excellent crops have contributed to a productive and prosperous trade of their agricultural products and services around the world. Canada’s total exports surpasses $13 billion a year (Gruen). Under NAFTA Canada and Mexico have worked out a separate agreement between themselves. Overall Canadian exports will enjoy immediate access to the Mexican market under the deal. Mexican import licenses on wheat, barley and table potatoes will be eliminated over a period of time. Also tariffs on lentils, honey, dried peas, millet, raspberries, rye and buckwheat will be dropped. All these items are important crops to Canadian farmers and with these costs cut they will bask in a greater profit and more trade. NAFTA also opens up ample opportunities for livestock farmers. Because Mexico lacks an adequate fresh water supply their livestock operations aren’t very big. Therefore Mexico must rely on imports from Canada. NAFTA helps Canadian farmers and farm related businesses to a remarkable greater ease to an ever growing market that will serve them in the future. There are well over 140,000 Canadians employed in the auto manufacturing Industry. As well, approximately 32 per cent of Canada’s manufacturing exports is directly related to the auto industry (Taylor). The Mexican market however, is highly restricted, while 95 per cent of Mexican automotive imports enter Canada completely duty free. NAFTA addresses this imbalance, and more importantly corrects it. By the year 2013, Canada will have open access to the fastest growing automotive market in North America. Canadian Service Industries and NAFTA Canada’s service industry is the fastest growing sector of its economy. More than nine million Canadians, which is about two thirds of their work force, are employed by the service sector. Cross border trade in services was dealt with for the first time in the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement. The NAFTA deal has included provisions for this type of trade and spells out procedures aimed at encouraging the recognition of licenses and certificates through the development of mutually acceptable professional standards and criteria such as education, experience and professional development. Under NAFTA a temporary entry across the border will be available for about 60 professions. Oceanographers, geographers and statisticians are three groups who can benefit from the NAFTA agreement.

Canadian Financial Markets and NAFTA
More than 500,000 Canadians are employed in the “four pillars” of the financial industry. These pillars consist of banking, insurance, securities firms and trust companies. Mexico’s financial markets have opened up for Canada due to the NAFTA deal. Canadian banking, insurance, and security firms will be able to operate wholly owned subsidies that will allow Canadian businesses to service their clients throughout the NAFTA region. Canada’s financial sector, which is already strong and hearty, will realize new opportunities under NAFTA that will allow it to further expand and flourish. Canada’s financial institutions have a lot to offer Mexico. Canada’s strength, such as its technological know- how and it’s experience in operating broad, integrated banking networks, are areas in which Mexico needs immediate and consistent strategic advice. Foreign investment has played an well-known role in Canada’s development as a nation. Investment is an important tool for Canada’s growth and prosperity. It will continue to aid Canada’s goal of maintaining and enhancing their competitiveness in the world marketplace. Under the free trade agreement with the U.S., Canada agreed to raise the thresholds for the review of foreign takeovers by U.S. investors. With NAFTA Mexico will devour the same access as the U.S. investors. Canada has reserved its right to review gigantic foreign takeovers. In addition, the NAFTA allows Canada to continue safeguarding key factors like culture, social services, basic telecommunications and some modes of transportation by permitting Canada to maintain restrictions on foreign participation. Canadian Telecommunications and NAFTA Telecommunications is definitely going to play a crucial role in integrating the North American economy under NAFTA. A smooth transfer of data and the instantaneous electronic exchange of information via telecommunications networks are an essential tool of international trade. This will benefit Canada; for they are a recognized world leader in the telecommunications field. This will directly provide a market for Canadian developers in services such as electronic messaging, advanced data networks, and electronic mail. Mexico is in the process of modernizing its services so that they are compatible with Canadian and U.S. networks. By the year 2010, Mexico’s demand for imported telecommunications products is expected to grow by 42 per cent (Taylor). Anyone can plainly see the potential opportunities here for Canada. Transportation in Canada and NAFTA The North American Free Trade Agreement has “streamlined” transportation between the three countries involved. Within six years, trucks and buses can crisscross the North American continent with virtually no border restrictions. Under NAFTA, for instance, a Canadian driver can take a load from Calgary, to Mexico city, with a stop in Texas for more goods. And on the way home, the same driver can content Mexican goods to both Canadian and U.S. destinations. NAFTA Caveats It should be noted, in all fairness however, that the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement may have many negative connotations towards social and environmental issues involving the trading nations. One effect from the enactment of NAFTA is the loss of manufacturing jobs which would occur from the shift of multinational corporations to Mexico. This will cause many corporations to move their plants over the border. By doing this, it will let them produce goods at lower costs. This is because Mexico has cheaper, unskilled labor due to non-existent minimum wage rates. In almost every case money usually leads the way. The problems that the US and Mexico have encountered since embarking on NAFTA are a lesson that Canada is better off for not having been involved in this agreement at all. What can be said is that trade agreements are a double edged sword that must be carefully evaluated before being used. Having shown examples of trade agreements gone bad, and more specifically Canada’s bad experiences with trade agreements, the thesis that supports the use of protectionist policy will now be explored in greater detail, first considering what protectionism represents and its suitability as a protection against the sometimes crushing weight of the trade agreements that often pit large and small nations against one another in an concern to form them equal, when evidence suggests that the smaller nations frequently end up being taken advantage of or worse off than they were when they entered into the trade agreements in the first place.

Protectionism Defined
Protectionism, in the context of this paper, of course refers to the protection of a nation’s financial interests from the intrusion of foreign competition, which usually invades the borders of a given country under the guise of trade agreements, which ostensibly attempt to provide a level playing field for those who are engaged in the trade. By installing a protectionist policy into the laws of a given nation, that nation can be protected from the disadvantage of other countries claiming a fraction of the economy. Different Types of Protectionist Measures Protectionism, within the realm of protecting the economic interests of a given nation, do not have as much to do with physically sealing the borders of a given country, but rather trying to stem the tide of foreign goods that are entering the country and taking away revenue and jobs from the home nation itself. Some measures that have been undertaken as protectionist measures in the past include tariffs, which charge other nations a tax for importing their goods into a given country, limits on imports, which of course restrict the entry of foreign goods into a given country, and embargoes, which totally ban foreign goods. Embargoes are typically employed between nations when the given nations are at war or some type of a heated dispute. Specific Protectionism in Canada Despite the complaints of such giant global trade forces as the World Trade Organization, Canada has made attempts to protect its own interests by implementing specific protectionist measures that are aimed at preventing huge losses to foreign competitors. Over the years, Canadian tariffs and restrictions have protected their interest to a certain extent. Canada is certainly justified in utilizing protectionist measures, and at least in the case of Canada, it can be said that the nation wears protectionism on its sleeve. For decades, the WTO has been accused of using attend room protectionist moves to support its largest members such as China (Cuddy), thereby showing that there is a basis for the argument in favor of protectionism even among the largest players in the global trade game.

What Happens Without Protectionism?
A compelling argument for the use of protectionism lies in the story of what has happened in the United States, Canada’s largest trade partner and powerful neighbor, from the overuse of free trade agreements and policies. Consider these two sincere life examples of problems that the United States has encountered for the sake of free trade: 1. Over the next three years, a major New York securities firm plans to replace its team of 800 American software engineers, who each earns about $150,000 per year, with an equally competent team in India earning an average of only $20,000. 2. Within five years the number of radiologists in this country is expected to decline significantly because M.R.I. data can be sent over the Internet to Asian radiologists capable of diagnosing the problem at a small fraction of the cost (Scuhmer). What conclusions can we gather from these examples? First of all, the fact that a mega nation like the United States has seen such an invasion is remarkable and sad at the same time. There are several reasons for the problem of foreign invasion from an economic standpoint; first of all, the proliferation of education throughout the world, as well as the fact that nations such as the United States have opened their borders to people from other countries for educational purposes. Once those individuals have received an education, they are willing to earn their professional reputation by working for wages that are much lower than their competing counterparts; moreover, in those nations, many times the standard of living and prevailing wages are remarkable lower; therefore, the workers can perform a given job at a lower rate than someone in a more developed nation. Going back to the examples that were cited previously, what occurred was a sort of exporting situation, albeit a situation where labor and services, and ultimately jobs, were exported to another country. When this occurs, the nation that loses the jobs of course loses impartial a little bit more economic freedom in the form of lower living standards due to unemployed or displaced workers, the loss of tax revenue for the government and of course the loss of the buying power within the country that the wages would have produced domestically. The bottom line is that whether a physical wonderful is coming from a given country at the expense of another country, or in this case, as jobs bleed from the country, a great deal of damage is done. At the risk of an excessive quote, this statement from Schumer says it all: “if the case for free trade is undermined by changes in the global economy, our policies should assume the modern realities. While some economists and elected officials suggest that all we need is a robust retraining pain for laid-off workers, we do not occupy retraining alone is an answer, because almost the entire range of “knowledge jobs” can be done overseas. We do not contain that offering tax breaks can compensate for the tremendous wage differentials driving jobs offshore”. The exiting of jobs from nations must not be allowed to occur, which is a caution that must be stressed within the scope of trade agreements.

Where Does Canada Stand on Immigration?
Where Canada stands on the policy of immigration also plays a key role in the protection of domestic financial interests. Throughout its history Canada has maintained numerous immigration policies, many not surviving the life span of the government under which they were created. In 1976 Canada adopted a points-based system, where potential immigrants were assigned various points based on such things as age, education, and net worth. This system was designed to prevent immigrants from being barred entry into the country based on race, religion, or creed. Essentially, those immigrants with sufficiently large personal savings, or with jobs skills listed under the government’s General Occupations List, would be awarded more points, thus increasing there chance of being granted admittance into the country. Of all the immigrants coming to Canada, most fall under the skilled worker category. These are immigrants who posses work skills which are deemed wanted by the Canadian government’s National Occupational Classification. Such skills often include technical skills, in the fields of science and medicine, but also quite frequently labor skills, to fill labor gaps that the current Canadian population either cannot or is unwilling to fill. It has always been the current Liberal government’s policy to limit immigration to Canada to 1% of the novel population (Pettigrew), but does this hold in practice? The Canadian government needs to adopt a system of quotas which it is both willing to support and enforce, since the Liberal’s do not appear to be enforcing their one-percent philosophy. The Reform Party of Canada has suggested in their Blue Sheet that immigration levels should be established at a maximum of 150,000 (for all immigrant groups. A figure slightly less then the Liberal 1%) per year in any year where the unemployment rate exceeds 10%, with increases in immigration as the unemployment rate falls below 10%. Such a system would be more reasonable than the Liberal’s one percent, since it would ensure that in times of high unemployment that the potential exists for Canadians to get any new jobs, as opposed to them possibly being filled by cheaper immigrant labor. It also takes into memoir the fact that Canada may not need so many skilled worker immigrants, since it already has a sufficiently large skilled workforce already in residence. To allow so many immigrants in without a scheme similar to that of the Reform Party’s may in fact be causing the increase in unemployment. Yet, like the Liberal philosophy, this policy would require a system to prevent the quota from being exceeded. A simple policy would simply stop accepting immigration applications once the quota has been reached. Any immigrants turned down after this point could always reapply in the following year.

Entrepreneurs from Other Countries in Canada
The “Entrepreneur” is required to make a substantial investment in a business in Canada that will make a significant contribution to the economy. The business must create or continue at least one job in Canada for a Canadian citizen or permanent resident other than the entrepreneur and dependants. The applicant must also intend and have the ability to provide active and ongoing participation in the management of the business (Drover, et al). One of the other larger groups admitted into Canada are sponsored immigrants. Sponsored immigrants are essentially those who have family already in Canada and can get those family member’s to sponsor their immigration application. The Liberal government encourages family relations and development, as it sees family and family life as a necessary facet of an immigrant integrating into Canadian society. With this goal in mind, the current government encourages immigrants to sponsor their family members, provided those members meet the same health and security restrictions applied to all other immigrants. Statistically, the number of sponsored immigrants arriving in Canada has gradually declined in proportion to the number of immigrants arriving in Canada, to the point where the number actually arriving rarely reaches the maximum number of sponsored immigrants planned for by the government. Yet despite this proportionate decline, the number of sponsored immigrants arriving is still significantly high. Refugees in Canada’s Economy The other group of immigrants frequently admitted into Canada, and the ones that receive most of the media attention, are refugees. Since World War II, Canada has resettled or granted asylum to over 800,000 refugees and other people in need of humanitarian solutions. It was originally stated that immigration has always played an important role in Canada’s history, and it should continue to do so. But immigration must be limited to those who possess the human capital necessary to adjust quickly and independently to the needs of Canadian society and the job market. Canada should strengthen their restrictions on immigration by providing a stricter and more effective intention of filtering out security or medical threats, by enacting the new proposals to ensure that potential immigrants are fluent in either of the official languages, and that they have a needed occupation according to the National Occupational Classification. Canada should also provide better training for visa officers abroad in order that they may better assess an applicant’s eligibility for immigration. Other restrictions Canada should impose include a much tighter and enforced quota system for skilled worker immigrants, based on Canada’s current employment needs, they should encourage business immigrate immigration, and they should limit who an immigrant can sponsor for similar immigration. As for refugees, Canada must adopt a policy more consistent and similar to that of the United Nation’s, a policy that can much better determine which refugee applications are legitimate, and which are not. It should also guarantee that all refugees have the potential to quickly integrate themselves into the workforce so that they may become economically independent. All of these proposals are for the economic and social benefit of Canada and Canadians. Although immigration is a vital role in our development, we must also ensure that Canada puts Canadians first, and ensures that immigration will not adversely affect the existing economic system, by either causing increased unemployment, and/or increased expend of social programs. The immigrants Canada accepts should be those with the best potential to adapt to our society and become independent, and those with the best potential to give something encourage in return. Antithesis In support of the thesis, the researcher now offers the antithesis that protectionist trade policy may isolate nations to the point of starvation, rather than protecting them overall from adverse competition and foreign undercutting. From the standpoint of a mega nation like the United States, Free trade is big by creating new jobs and making the U.S. the global leader in economy. Whereas, Switzerland refused to join the European Economic Station (EEA) for personal reasons. It should also be noted that “free trade” can cause a loss of sovereignty, protection of a nation’s resources, etc. The notion that international trade can facilitate economic growth by expanding the size of the market is as old as the economics profession itself, tracing back to Adam Smith’s 1776 discourse on the gains from specialization of trade (Summers). Nevertheless, along with the notion of international trade, another concept of commerce runs called protectionism. A century and a half ago French economist and statesman Frederic Bastiat presented the practical case for free trade: “It is always beneficial,”’ he said, “for a nation to specialize in what it can produce best and then trade with others to acquire goods at costs lower than it would seize to produce them at home” (Barton). A case for protectionism must also be remembered when 1977 AFL-CIO President, George Meany said, “Free trade is a myth. Foreign countries subsidize their manufacturers, which enables them to undercut United States companies and take the jobs of American workers … This is not competition – it is a stacked deck, stacked against the American worker … If we pursue the policies that have gone on for the last few years, we’re going to be a completely service nation” (Gray, et al). Many advocators of protectionism are always willing to claim that free trade is a myth. Those who see these and other fallacies of free trade often turn to the economic theory of protectionism for answers. In short, protectionism can be defined as a system of policies and devices created by governments in order to develop or retain domestic industries by protecting them from foreign competition, usually through duties imposed on importations. The theory of protectionism, similarly to that of free trade, has many strengths and weaknesses that must be examined and weighed carefully in order to determine the best economic trade policy.

Should Canada Keep its Money at Home?
If Canada wishes to preserve its status, it must keep its money at home in domestic industries instead of supporting foreign firms. Trading with countries that violate human rights will only strengthen and help their industries. They must instead support domestic firms to keep the money and power in their own country. However, this concept can hurt the national economy also. If a country does not spend money on imports, they will not be able to export goods to countries that would otherwise patronize the merchandise. Also, through buying imports, a country or industry will give up an intangible asset (money) in order to gain tangible assets (imported goods) that they can spend and profit from (Crookell). Another argument for protectionism is that this economic system will not only protect key industries but more-so safeguard developing infant industries. Protectionism is especially strategically effective today for many developing countries. The key to national power is manufacturing. When industries are in developmental stages of production, their prices may be higher due to additional costs for initial investment. Protectionism will give these firms an equal field instead of trying to compete with already developed companies. Soon the infant industries will be able to raise their productivity rate so they can lower their prices but they must have protection until they can get off the ground. On the other hand, this case cannot always be dilapidated to support protectionism. Adam Smith argued that, although this case is the only valid argument for tariffs, a more efficient way to take care of this problem is through government subsidies. This way the infant industries will be put on a level trading field with large foreign companies and will still allow free trade to flourish in the global economy. One final argument to back protectionism is it can save Canadian jobs. Whenever a cutback in production for an industry is made, some workers must lose their job and unemployment increases. According to the general supply and request theory of economics, cutbacks in production occur when the product made is not in as great of demand. If consumers buy foreign goods because their prices are lower to due government subsidies, Canadian companies will suffer which eventually leads to the rise of unemployment in Canada. Economist Mehrene Larudee reminds us that, “In a dilapidated system, perhaps people would spread the work and enjoy more free time. But not in the contemporary world of the 9-to-5 job” (Sam). In addition, placing tariffs on foreign goods cause foreigners to put their own tariffs on Canadian goods so net exports are not profitable. Free Trade? In the past decade, free trade has become more and more an integral concept with globalization and world trade. Free trade can be defined as international trade free from governmental restrictions or protective duties and subject only to such tariffs as are needed for revenue. The world free trade allows producers to put their product on the market in divulge competition with other producers and allows consumers to buy any product they so choose. Supporters of free trade argue that protectionism is especially imperfect in the gradual 1990′s. Free trade benefits include increased domestic competition and thus lower domestic product prices. In a free market, consumers can buy the best product at the lowest price, which puts the burden of true competition on each industry. Buchanan treats the free trade process mainly as a zero-sum game: one country’s gain is another country’s loss. If this were true, there would not be much global trade and investment. When losers recognized their losses, they would withdraw from the market. What is true, of course, is that individual companies or individual workers can lose in trade. But what is bad for a company or an industry is not necessarily awful for a country. Many countries now make and trade the same things. Japan makes and trades cars, computer chips, and telephone switching centers; and so do the United States and Germany. The result is bigger markets that enable efficient producers to enact greater economies of scale by spreading costs across more buyers. This allows prices to consumers to drop. Boeing, Microsoft, and Caterpillar all have lower unit costs because they are selling to a world market. Domestic competition also intensifies because imports compel domestic rivals to improve. Chevrolets and Chryslers are now better and more efficiently made because Americans can buy Toyotas and Hondas. In many industries American firms and workers have had to adapt to the best foreign practices and technologies.

Economic Patriotism
Although patriotism can be an important aspect to the success of any nation, the world is becoming more globally aware so a modern economic system must comply with this sense of globalization. In a modern-day world society, government-run economics are out of date and used. The consumer should be free to patronize and buy any product they choose, whether it is for reasons of price, quality, or national pride. In a free market, consumers are still able to turn away from one industry to another in order to support their own domestic firms but there should not be restrictive laws eradicating other consumers’ rights to select a product at the lowest label. In the end, free trade gives consumers the greatest consumption possibilities with lower product prices, a greater product variety, and increased industrial competition. Free trade puts the burden of economic competition where it belongs, on the industries, not on the patrons of the world. In the post-9/11 world, even beyond the borders of America, there has been a huge push toward Economic Patriotism, which is to say that the people of nations are trying to engage goods that are made within their hold borders in an danger to provide wealth and revenue within their absorb country, which they surmise will strengthen their country and effect it less vulnerable to the threat of global terrorism (Cody). While this is true to a certain point, there are other, admittedly more creative scenarios that must be considered within the case of Economic Patriotism: • If other nations are impoverished due to trade imbalance, they may become unstable, adding to discontent in those countries, and fostering terrorism • Trade disputes could lead to terrorist acts in retaliation Taken with a grain of salt, admittedly, these scenarios must be considered in the great picture of international trade and restrictions.

Export Opportunities in Canada
In fairness, the possibility of viable export opportunities for Canada needs to be considered. It is feasible that Canada can be on the winning end of export agreements because of some of the unique natural resources the country possesses. importance of mining is definitely significant to Canada. As an ideal example, mining is an important industry, and Canadians are very advanced in their mining technology, but during the mining process, there is a certain level of pollution produced. The Canadian government and the mining companies have very good plans and controls toward this problem, while ensuring the collected running of the industries, and also helping to create strong economy and employment. The world of today could not exist without mineral products. Canada produces about 60 minerals and ranks first among producing countries (Canada Magazine). In a typical year, the mining industry is responsible for a big fragment of Canada’s total export. Mining is very vital in Canadian life. Not only do the products power the family car and heat the family home, the manufacturing sector, the high tech industries and even the better known resource industries are all dependent, in some way, on the mining industry. The mining industry will continue to be an important support to the economy. Mining is taking fat advantage of the quick expansion of computers and microelectronics. These technologies are found in nearly every aspect of mineral development activity – from exploration methods, through production, mineral processing and even marketing. Computers and related equipment now have a lot of different applications in geophysical logging, geochemistry, geological mapping, etc. The above example is not to say that the entire nation of Canada should become a mine, but rather to make an example that there are viable opportunities out there for Canada to expand exporting activities. Moreover, with smart planning and strategic relationships that are well planned, the country can seek new and better opportunities. Earlier portions of this paper detailed the advantages that Canada has in telecommunications, finance, and more. Using those as examples as well, of course, there is a huge amount of evidence to suggest that Canada can step out of its own borders for opportunities in the world market. Entering Future Trade Agreements Within this paper, we have shown the advantages and disadvantages of trade agreements in general, as well as the good and the bad that Canada has gotten from involvement in various trade agreements. This leads us to the question of whether or not Canada should enter into trade agreements in the future. The question is not as easily answered as one might think. If nothing else, we have shown in this paper that given the complex nature of today’s world situation and economy, nothing is absolutely good or unpleasant. Therefore, it is impossible to say that Canada should always or never engage in trade agreements in the future. More appropriately, what we can say is that there are a few cautions that must be considered in general before entering into any novel agreements in the future: 1. Look at the big picture- while not all of the elements of the agreement may be ideal for Canada, there may be trade offs within the agreements that will allow Canada to give something in order to get something else. 2. Beware- Agreements are easy to enter and hard to leave….the fine print must always be read in the agreements themselves. 3. Judge the strategic elements of the agreements-for example, homeland security is a key disaster in today’s world, so as an example, if Canada enters into an agreement with the United States, they will have an interest in protecting Canada from a dollars and cents standpoint. The point that is being made here is that trade agreements must be approached carefully and evaluated before being jumped into. Thesis or Antithesis? This research has certainly covered a great deal of material regarding Canada in terms of its domestic situation, international trade, immigration, industry, the war on terror, and much more. As the research began, there were a thesis and antithesis that were put forth with the intention of clearly proving the thesis and disproving the antithesis. Ironically enough, in the tradition of objective research, the researcher has uncovered elements of both the thesis and antithesis that are proven and disprove, apt and invalid, given the complex details that this research ended up identifying. Therefore, what follows as a conclusion to this paper are a re-stating of the thesis and antithesis, as well as points under each statement which prove or disprove it, depending upon the case. In addition to merely proving or disproving them, recommendations will be made that will be useful either for future researchers or for the sake of simple argument. With this in mind, the research now comes full circle as follows:

Re-presentation of the Thesis
“Protectionist measures are appropriate for a given nation to protect their maintain interests in the realm of international trade, but not across the board” At the risk of sounding like a confusing mess, the thesis stands up in general; in other words, protectionist measures are appropriate some of the time, given a particular region. Referring back to earlier portions of the paper, Canada has taken action to curb the hurry of immigrants and imported goods into the country that would hurt the economic interests of the country as a whole; conversely, the U.S. has been hurt very badly in the occasions when free and originate borders for people and product have been promoted. Therefore, nothing can be evaluated in an always or never category; rather, discretion must be taken to protect the interests of the nation of Canada without isolating it. Some possible steps for protectionism are as follows: • Restriction on imports and immigration • Tariffs to curb the flow of imports that are coming in • Right to refuse unfair trade agreements

Re-Presentation of Antithesis
“Protectionist trade policy only serves to isolate the nations that enact them, and in the long run, actually hurt those countries more than help them”. This antithesis has been disproved for several reasons; going back to the conclusion that there are no absolutes in world trade, there are occasions, relating aid to the thesis, where protectionist movements are necessary and beneficial. Therefore, these are some recommendations: • Protectionism should be kept as a viable option if needed to protect interests • Protectionism should not be confused with isolationism • There are no absolutes in Protectionism Final Thoughts As a final thought, the reader should realize that global trade is very dynamic, given the world situation in the current day, and nothing is guaranteed. Now more than ever, nations need to work together to achieve their individual and group goals for the good of the nations, their people, and our planet.

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Two rating symbols are given for each make and model. One rating symbol covers bodily injury and property damage. The other symbol applies to medical payment coverage. The rating symbols correspond with the vehicle identification number (VIN) of the automobile.

Top Safety Picks of 2009

The top safety picks of 2009 were the Acura RL, Ford Taurus, Volvo S80 (large); Acura TL, Honda Accord, Subaru Legacy (midsize); Saab 9-3, Volkswagen Eos, Volvo C70 (midsize convertibles); Honda Civic, Subaru Impreza, Mitsubishi Lancer (small); Honda Odyssey, Hyundai Entourage, Kia Sedona (minivans); Ford F-150, Honda Ridgeline, Toyota Tundra (large pickups); Toyota Tacoma (small pickup); Audi Q7, Chevrolet Traverse, Saturn Outlook (large SUVs); Acura MDX, Honda Pilot, Subaru Tribeca (midsize SUVs); Ford Flee, Mercury Mariner, Volkswagen Tiguan (small SUVs).

Source:

http://www.iso.com/

Everyone, it seems, guarantees that they will save you money on your current insurance rates. Geico promises 15% or more, Progressive promises to compare quotes for you to find you the best rate; Allstate promises “you will effect more”; State Farm promises the “best rates”; and the list continues on. Undoubtedly, all these companies, and many others, honestly are interested in saving you money, they want your business and in order to get your business they have to be competitive in their pricing.

Nevertheless, almost all these companies’ websites use fairly generic information forms when generating your car insurance quotes. These estimated quotes are often much higher than what they would be if you where to actually visit these agencies in person or speak with an agent. These is because local insurance agents also want your business, often more so than a national company, and are aware of the prices online and are likely to be wiling to do whatever they can to beat any online price you may glean. A top-notch example of this is my experience with Allstate.

When I entered my information into Allstate’s online quote estimator the estimate was just over $1000 every six months or $180 a month. My wife and I have two cars, and have totaled one with in the last year, and have been in three other accidents (it has been a banner year). However, when I went into a local Allstate agent’s office he quoted me an insurance premium which was powerful less: $790 for six months or $132.38 a month. I was surprised at the dissimilarity. This may not always be the case, but often is. If you are truly looking for the best auto insurance rate available to you it would be worth your while to devote at least half of your looking efforts towards local agencies. Sometimes the best deals are with local car insurance agents who sell for a larger national company.

* This study was designed to examine OSHA and Florida’s Partnership and provide research in both a positive and negative light.

* Small Business Safety under the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970.

* The State of Florida and OSHA, working hand in hand to provide a multi-cultural, diverse dwelling with workplace safety.

* Flaws within OSHA and opposition towards OSHA

* Workplace Safety, OSHA reality or technology as the benefactor.

Research consisted of queries with various government and scholastic entities, including but not limited to the US Department of Labor, the Occupational Safety and Health Act, University of South Florida, and the Florida Legislature. Additional sources included literary guides such as the Unique York Times, the Press Room, and the honorable Henry Bonilla representing the 23rd Congressional District in the U.S. House of Representatives along with other fine providers of information. Results of this research, discussed more fully in this characterize, point to that OSHA, while a boon to the average employee, could be a long tedious government run-around to those that truly require workplace investigations of safety hazards.

We would be please to discuss this report and its conclusions with you at your demand. My team and I thank you for your confidence in selection our group to prepare this comprehensive report.

Table of Contents

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT (OSHA)… 1

HELP OR HINDERANCE 1

Executive Summary 4

OSHA for Small Businesses: Pros and Cons 5

Small Business Safety 5

Florida University System Lend a Guiding Hand 6

OSHA Bridges the Language Gap 7

Florida Follows Federal Guidelines 7

U.S. Department of Labor Honors Exemplary Businesses 7

Portion 18 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970.7

Florida’s Stake in the Agriculture Business 8

Better Obedient than Sorry 8

OSHA: A Notable Idea 9

Opposing OSHA 9

OSHA Suffers Lawsuits 10

Workplace Safety 10

The Ergonomics Standards Understanding 11

Is the Plan Cost Effective 11

Figure 1 11

Summary of OSHA Cost Errors 11

Inspections as a Deterrent 9

Economic Feasibility 12

Bibliography 13

Executive Summary

Jobsite safety and health is a top priority for workers in the United States. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), a federally bustle agency, was created to ensure that people would have a safe environment to work in.

OSHA has been charged with improving workers’ health and safety since 1970, but few studies claim it improves workplace safety at all. Most cannot obtain a considerable reduction in workplace fatalities or injuries due to OSHA. Studies place the annual cost of OSHA’s regulations as high as $11 billion per year to speed the current health and safety policies it has in place. Even pro-OSHA studies show that the agency annually generates three times more cost than it generates in benefits.

The Three Amiga’s supports restructuring OSHA with reform. The state of Florida currently has in place a collaborative partnership under Occupational Safety and Health Administration, which provides education, training, and technical assistance; and employers are encouraged to avail themselves of this assistance without fear of becoming involved in a major controversy with the agency. OSHA must focus their attention on more significant safety and health problems, so that the regulatory program will carry out greater overall risk reduction benefits.

This study supports the concept of providing employers with the incentive to improve their safety and health performance voluntarily in cooperation with their employees. This study also advocates reforming OSHA’s standards and making them as practical, cost effective, and performance oriented as possible.

Improving safety in the workplace is a team pain. Both employers and employees share the responsibility for safety. There must be provisions that do a role for the employer’s safety program.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration aims to ensure worker safety and health in the U.S. by assisting employers and employees to create better working environments. Since becoming law in 1970, the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act and OSHA have helped cut workplace fatalities by more than 60 percent and illness rates by 40 percent. This success has occurred while the nation’s employment figures have more than doubled from 56 million workers at 3.5 million organizations to more than 115 million workers at 7.1 million sites.[1]Although the statistics appear to support OSHA’s success, others see the agency as a hindrance to worker safety. This report will cover both of these views.

Puny businesses in Florida engaged in business involving interstate commerce are subject to the regulations of OSHA.[2] There are exceptions to audits and inspections (i.e. ten or fewer employees or a business made up of only immediate family members), but the liability of hazardous working environments are not removed or eliminated.

Under its provisions, an employer must provide a workplace free from recognized hazards that cause, or are likely to cause, death or serious physical harm to employees regardless of the size of the business. Every business in Florida covered by the OSH Act must comply with federal workplace safety and health standards. In South Florida, OSHA’s Spot Office in Plantation provides advice education, and assistance to small business people, trade associations, local labor affiliates, and other stakeholders who request help with occupational safety and health issues.[3]

For those small businesses in Florida with eleven-or-more workers, OSHA requires employers to: 1.) inform employees of the organization’s safety regulations 2.) Post OSHA Job Safety and Health poster in a permanent status where notices to employees are usually posted 3.) Report within eight hours to the OSHA area office (by telephone or in writing) any fatal accident involving an employee or any other accident resulting in the hospitalization of three or more employees 4.) Maintain up-to-date (within six working days) records of all occupational injuries and illnesses 5.) post the annual summary of the organization’s OSHA No. 200 log on February 1st of the following year and absorb that posting in a conspicuous place for the entire month of February; 6.) Retain all records of occupational injuries and illnesses for five years after the end of the year; and 7.) Furnish a place of employment free from recognized hazards that could cause death or serious injury to employees. (This catchall enables an OSHA inspector to cite an employer who should have recognized a serious hazard, even if OSHA does not have a specific standard related to that hazard).[4]

Florida University System Lend a Guiding Hand

Here in Florida, small business is fortunate to have a friend in the State University System. The University of South Florida’s “Safety Florida Consultation Program” in Tampa offers free services that can help lower costs. Taking advantage of this service can attend an employer with:

• “Complying with federal safety and health standards to reduce the risk of injuries and OSHA citations.

• “Identifying deficient safety conditions with full-service worksite evaluations and to assess required programs and determine safety needs.

• “Writing detailed reports that explain specific actions that can be taken to correct scrape areas and improve existing safety programs.

• “Delivering technical guidance and information outlining how to comply with federal standards.

• “Providing printed materials on occupational safety, including copies of OSHA standards, as well as industry and government guidelines.

• “Assisting in implementing safety programs mandated by OSHA. • “Support in the reduction of workplace injuries by providing safety and health programs tailored to a particular business or workplace.”[5]

This has proven very helpful to Florida employers who have seen their employee total case incident rate decline by 4.9 percent and their employee lost workday incidence rate decline by 8.9 percent. Furthermore, a study by the Florida Legislature found that more than nine thousand Florida employers received a two-percent reduction in their workers’ compensation insurance rates and research has also shown that lasting improvements in workplace safety are made through consultation, education, and

training, as compared with simply strict enforcement.[6]

OSHA attempts to reach every employee and employer, even those who do not speak English as their first language. Particularly of interest in Florida is the fact that the agency maintains a Spanish webpage and Spanish-speaking operators at a national call center during business hours. Various publications, training materials and videos are also provided in Spanish.[7]

Florida Follows Federal Guidelines

In Fiscal Year 2004, OSHA has a staff of 2,200, including 1,123 inspectors and the agency’s appropriation is $457.5 million.[8]Since Florida has not yet established its own health and safety program, the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration are responsible for ensuring compliance with the law. OSHA, under the leadership of the Secretary of Labor in Washington, may conduct site inspections and require employers to make self-evaluations.

U.S. Department of Labor Honors Exemplary Businesses

The U.S. Department of Labor says that using all the resources available to improve upon health and safety in the workplace, certain exemplary small businesses can request participation in OSHA’s Safety and Health Achievement Recognition Program (Though-provoking). Eligibility for participation in Curious includes receiving a comprehensive consultation visit, demonstrating exemplary achievements in workplace safety and health by reducing identified hazards and developing and implementing an effective safety and health program. Minute businesses celebrated into SHARP may receive an exemption from scheduled annual inspections-not complaint or accident inspections-for one year.[9]

(the Act) encourages States to develop and operate their own job safety and health programs.OSHA approves and monitors Plot plans

Alaska

Arizona

California

Connecticut*

Hawaii

Indiana

Iowa

Kentucky

Maryland

Michigan

Minnesota

Nevada

Fresh Jersey*

New Mexico

New York*

North Carolina

Oregon

Puerto Rico

South Carolina

Tennessee

Utah

Vermont

Virgin Islands*

Virginia

Washington

Wyoming

Note: The Connecticut, New Jersey, New York and Virgin Islands plan coverspublic sector (State and local government) employees only.

One area of stout interest to OSHA in the region of Florida is agriculture. Florida agriculture, including forestry and seafood, made an annual economic impact of $53 billion. More than 81,000 people work on some 40,000 farms around the state, and more than 50,000 are employed in other activities related to agriculture. The state’s agriculture enterprises range from large citrus, vegetable and cattle operations to small family-operated farms. Safety in Florida agriculture is especially spirited to OSHA because: 1.) the state’s agriculture enterprises are diverse; 2.) safety knowledge among workers varies; 3.) manual labor is dilapidated extensively; and 4.) the climate creates year-round stress.[10]

Compliance Safety and Health Officers from the Department of Labor are authorized to enter Florida businesses at reasonable times and without delay, to inspect a physical plant, question an employer and review records required by the OSH Act (OSH Act, Fragment 1903. Near notice of inspections is not given, except in cases of apparent imminent danger, in circumstances where the inspection can be more affectively be conducted after regular business hours, when necessary to assure the presence of representatives of the employer and employees, and in other circumstances determined by the OSHA plot director (OSH Act, Section 1903.6).[11]

Employee benefits when safety and health are priorities at the workplace. Every worker wants to contribute through the job, even when the vital purpose of work is to make a living. Safety and health add value to the lives of workers in Florida by enabling them to preserve an honest income and provide for their families. Getting afflict or sick on the job is not objective physically painful, but on-the-job injuries and illnesses can also significantly reduce income, increase stress, and hinder a full and enriching family life.

Establishing safe and healthful working environments in Florida require every employer and employee to make safety and health a top priority. The entire workforce-starting at the CEO and downward to the newest employee-must realize the importance of safety and health by acknowledging that these are keys to the small business vision, identity and success.

In this regard, OSHA believes it provides leadership and encouragement to employers and workers in helping them recognize and realize the values of safety and health on the job. The agency’s ultimate goal has always been, and continues to be, the reduction of injuries, illnesses and deaths to zero in the workplace.[12]

OSHA: A Notable View

Although The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH ACT) was created to regulate the private sector, it has been accused of having many flaws and some feel OSHA should be abolished altogether. These opponents base their opinions on recent statistics from refutable sources showing a lack of progress, as well as serious financial losses that taxpayers absorb. Additionally OSHA does not cover public workplaces such as school systems and municipal governments.[13] These are only a few of the many criticisms aimed at OSHA.

Some opponents think OSHA is a useless entity that sometimes does more pain than good. A recent article, written by Thomas J. Kneiser and John D. Leeth, states objective that. Their paper, appropriately titled Abolishing OSHA, cites the case of the Pymm Thermometer Company,” the second largest manufacturer of mercury thermometers in the United States.

Employees of Pymm worked in a non-ventilated windowless basement with no respirators or protective clothing. Their job was recycling mercury from old thermometers. For five years, OSHA had known about serious health problems among the plant employees, including asthma and pulmonary fibrosis. Mercury poisoning can damage organs including the brain. The company was not even fined when “puddles” of mercury were found on the floor when inspected.

Finally, when a worker who had formerly worked for the plant stated suspicions that one of his former co-workers was suffering from brain damage, OSHA got involved. Mercury fume levels in the plant were five times higher than the acceptable level, which can cause serious illness and even death. OSHA fined Pymm $1,400 and ordered them to clean up.

Five years later Pymm has not complied with OSHA’s recommendations. When an employee suffering from severe health consequences went to the news media, OSHA enforced the recommendations. However, serious violations were allowed to stand for five years, and the consequences were severe. More than half of Pymms 100 workers, and many of their children also suffer from serious mercury poisoning. [14]

Many firms realize that the likelihood of an inspection is minimal. The typical American worker may see an OSHA once every seventy-five years, or once every thirteen years if they are employed in a hazardous profession. Companies generally know that they can simply agree to comply with inspector recommendations to avoid future inspections.

OSHA Suffers Lawsuits

OSHA inspectors seem reluctant to shut down companies or impose severe fines even when their findings present serious health and safety issues.

Case in point is The United Auto Workers (UAW) and the United Steel Workers of America (USWA) who have united in a joint lawsuit filed October 21, 2003[15]. The lawsuit requests that OSHA situation clean air standards in United States factories. Because OSHA took no action, ten years ago when the UAW first petitioned them, millions of workers have been exposed to hazardous chemicals and developed serious health problems.

The National Institute of Occupational Safety,[16] a government agency that researches health problems for employees in the United States, collected evidence about metalworking fluids and suggested a standard of 0.5 milliliters per cubic meter of air for both oil and synthetic metalworking fluids.

OSHA is required to submit a standard or state a reason for not doing so within sixty days of the (NIOS) recommendation. After Four years, OSHA has not complied, and even withdrew the recommendation from consideration and millions of factory workers are collected being exposed to hazardous chemicals.

Although several reports have shown a decline inworker fatality, (in 1925 there were 16 fatalities per 100,000 workers, whereas by 1993 that number had dropped to 3.5 per100, 000), there is no real decrease in on the job injury or illness. Fatalities in the workplace had begun to decline even before OSHA, possibly due to safety technology, and the occupational distribution of labor. To the contrary, illness and injury in the workplace tend to follow the economy. The more people employed, the higher the injury rate. OSHA still does not cover the self-employed, who tend to work in higher risk professions and sage for 20 percent of workplace fatalities

The Ergonomics Standards Plan

Most recently, OSHA proposed its Ergonomics Standards Program.[17] Ergonomics is the study of the design and arrangement of equipment in a healthy comfortable manner.[18] This Program Standard states that an employee who complains of a

musculo- skeletal disorder (MSD) must complete a complicated series of steps in order to determine whether OSHA covers them. It is a far from cost effective policy.

Furthermore, employers have been effectively dealing with these injuries for many years on a volunteer basis. The efforts of these business owners has decreased stress related injury by 22 percent since 1993.If OSHA implements the Ergonomics Program it will force employers to follow rigid guidelines, thereby reducing flexibility for targeted response. Companies will be forced to spread resources more thinly to address every complaint, many of which are discovered to be invalid, resulting in less effective coverage, as well as higher costs for employees.

Opponents of the Ergonomics Plan point out that OSHA made a series of mistakes in its financial plan and the costs will likely outweigh the benefits and cause, damage to existing programs employers have in place. The table below shows these errors as well as the corrected estimated cost: [19]

Error or Omission ItemOSHA EstimateOSHA ErrorCorrected Estimate

Computation of Annualized Cost

$4.2 billion

$1.6 billion

$5.8 billion

Compliances baseline

$4.2 billion

$5-$7.5 billion

$9.2-$11.7 billion

Assess potential MSDs

$0

$2.5-$29.7 billion

$2.5-$29.7 billion

Familiarization time

$0.2 billion

$3.1 billion

$3.3 billion

Other time parameters

$0.9 billion

$12.8 billion

$13.7 billion

Training for fixed jobs

$0

$0.6-$1.2 billion

$0.6-$1.2 billion

Increased MSD reports

$0

$5.6-$39.2 billion

$5.6-$39.2 billion

Total

$11-$12 billion

$31.2-$95.1 billion

$35.4-$99.3 billion

(Employment Policy Foundation; fact &fallacy: April 10, 2002)

OSHA’s costs far outweigh the benefits. According to an article published in The Yale Journal on Regulation,[20] and written by Robert Hahn and John Hind, it costs OSHA $11 billion per year to run the current health and safety policies it has in dwelling. The benefit to workers through health care costs and injury reduction they estimate is $3.6 billion per year. Even best case reports note the costs outweigh the gains three to one.

In conclusion, many proponents feel OSHA would benefit if supplied with a larger budget and more resources, but it already spends an exorbitant amount of taxpayer dollars on programs that are largely ineffectual. Abolishing OSHA completely may leave some workers largely unprotected, so the answer probably lies in complete reformation. OSHA is in the business of reform, but who will reform OSHA?

Bird E., Ronald; Fact & fallacy; Analysis Misses the Target in Predicting Ergonomics Rule;

Bonilla, Henry; The Workplace Preservation Act;; Remarks

(4 March 1999)

ErgoDynamo.com;

The Florida Legislature. “Addendum to OPPAGA Report No. 97-25 Agency Response from Dept. of Labor & Employment Security.” January 1998. (4 June 2004).

HR.BLR.Com; Florida Safety and Health;

Kneisner J.,Thomas; Leeth P, John; Regulation; The Cato Review of Business and Government;AbolishingOSHA; (2003)

Lehtola, Carol J., Charles M. Brown, and William J. Becker. “Inspections, Citations, and Proposed Penalties – OSHA Standard 1903.” University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service. November 2000. (5 June 2004).

The New York Times; Work Place Safety is Growing Concern;

Olexa, Michael T., Aaron Leviten, and Kelly Samek. “Florida Solid and Hazardous Waste Regulation Handbook: Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA).”University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service. December 2003. (6 June 2004).

Polopolus, Leo C., Michael T. Olexa, Fritz Roka, and Carol Fountain. “2003 Handbook of Employment Regulations Affecting Florida Farm Employers and Workers: Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) [Federal].” University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service. December 2002. (5 June 2004).

Press Room; UAW and USAW Sue Secretary of Labor…;

< http://www.uswa.org/uswa./program/content/616.php> (21 October 2003)

Smith, Sandy; Safety Zones; Unions sue to Force OSHA to Set Clean Air Standards in Factories;; (22 October 2003)

University of South Florida Consultation Program. “Ask USF Safety Florida to Protect Your Profits with an Effective Safety Program.” n.d. (4 June 2004).

U.S. Department of Labor. “OSHA Help for New Businesses Fact Sheet.” 2002.

(4 June 2004).

U.S. Department of Labor. “OSHA Facts.” 2004.

(7 June 2004).

U.S. Department of Labor. “OSHA Handbook for Small Businesses.” 1996 (Revised),

(4 June 2004).

[1] U.S. Department of Labor, OSHA Facts, 2004, available at http://www.osha.gov/as/opa/oshafacts.html; Internet; accessed 7 June, 2004.

[2] Leo C. Polopolus et al., 2003 Handbook of Employment Regulations Affecting Florida Farm Employees and Workers: Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) [Federal], December 2002, available at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FE408; 5 June 2004.

[3] U.S. Department of Labor, OSHA Help for Unique Businesses Fact Sheet, 2002, available at http://www.

Osha.gov/OshDoc/data_General_Facts/newbusinesses-factsheet.pdf; 4 June 2004.

[4]Polopolus, 2003 Handbook of Employment Regulations Affecting Florida Farm Employers and Workers: Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) [Federal].

[5] University of South Florida Consultation Program, Ask USF Safety Florida to Protect Your Profits with an Effective Safety Program, n.d., available from http://www.safetyflorida.usf.edu/Pdf/Safetypr.pdf; 4 June 2004.

[6]

[7] U.S. Department of Labor, OSHA Facts.

[8] Michael T. Olexa et al., Florida Solid and Dangerous Waste Regulations Handbook: Occupational Safety and Health Act, December 2003, available at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FE447; Internet; accessed 6 June 2004.

[9] U.S. Department of Labor, OSHA Facts, 2004, 32-33, available from http://www.osha.gov.as/opa/ oshafacts.html; Internet; accessed 5 June 2004.

[10]Carol J. Lehtola et al., Inspections, Citations, and Proposed Penalties-OSHA Standard 1903, November 2000, available from http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/BODY_OA059; 5 June 2004.

[11] Ibid.

[12] Ibid,

[13]HR.BLR.COM; State HR Answers & Tools Online; Florida Safety and Healthhttp://hr1.blr.com/Article.cfm/Nav/3.12.48.0.25134.25134>

[14] Kneisner J., Thomas and Leeth D. John; Abolishing OSHA, 2003;

[15]Press Room; October 21, 2003;< http://www.uswa.org/uswa/program/content/616.php>

[16]The New York Times; Work Place Safety is Growing Concern http://www.saja.org/stories/safety.html

[17]ErgoDynamo.com:

[19] Bird E. Ronald: Osha Analysis Misses the Target in Predicting Ergonomics Rule Cost, fact & fallacy.

[20][20] Kneisner J., Thomas and Leeth D. John; Abolishing OSHA, 2003;